BEYOND LEISURE: PUSH–PULL MOTIVATIONS SHAPING TOURIST VISITS TO BALIANGAO RESORTS IN MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL
Keywords:
travel motivation; push-pull theory; resort tourism; domestic tourism; destination attractiveness; Baliangao; Misamis OccidentalAbstract
This study examined the travel motivations of tourists visiting resorts in Baliangao, Misamis Occidental, using a push-pull motivation framework. It described the respondents' demographic profile, assessed push and pull motivational dimensions, tested the relationship between demographic characteristics and overall travel motives, and developed evidence-based enhancement strategies for resort and destination management. A descriptive-quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed. A modified 37-item travel-motivation questionnaire was administered to 150 tourists selected through convenience sampling across ten resorts, with 15 respondents surveyed per resort. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Spearman rank-order correlation. Results showed that most respondents were female (57.7%), aged 18-25 years (70.7%), single (64.7%), private employees (35.3%), earning Php 10,001-20,000 monthly (37.3%), and college graduates (48.7%). Overall push motivation was somewhat significant (M = 3.10), with escaping/relaxing as the strongest push dimension (M = 3.65). Overall pull motivation was significant (M = 3.27), with attractions as the strongest pull dimension (M = 3.64), followed by hospitality (M = 3.52). Spearman correlation results showed no significant relationships between overall tourist motives and sex, age, marital status, occupation, income, or educational attainment. The findings indicate that Baliangao resorts are primarily perceived as relaxation-oriented and attraction-based destinations. Strategic development should therefore prioritize scenic-resource protection, hospitality service quality, destination information, guided interpretation, access coordination, and digital word-of-mouth promotion.
References
Abbasi, G. A., Kumaravelu, J., Goh, Y.-N., & Dara Singh, K. S. (2021). Understanding the intention to revisit a destination by expanding the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 25(2), 282-311. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-12-2019-0109
An, L. T., Hung, P. X., Dung, T. Q., Dinh, N. C., Kien, N. D., Tri, T. M., Quy, L. A., Phan, N. T., & Dung, V. T. T. (2024). Exploring relationships between nature-based destination attractiveness, satisfaction, perceived COVID-19 risk, and revisit intention in Bach Ma National Park, Vietnam. SAGE Open, 14(4), 21582440241289989. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241289989
Ayoub, D., & Mohamed, D. N. H. S. (2024). The impact of push-pull motives on internal tourists' visit and revisit intentions to Egyptian domestic destinations: The mediating role of country image. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, Article 358. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02835-7
Cheng, Y., Hu, F., Wang, J., Wang, G., Innes, J. L., Xie, Y., & Wang, G. (2022). Visitor satisfaction and behavioral intentions in nature-based tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 10(1), 143-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.03.001
Duong, L. N., Pham, L. H., & Hoang, T. T. P. (2023). Applying push and pull theory to determine domestic visitors' tourism motivations. Journal of Tourism and Services, 14(27), 136-160. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v14i27.554
Li, K., Ji, C., He, Q., & Rastegar, R. (2023). Understanding the sense-making process of visitor experience in the integrated resort setting: Investigating the role of experience-centric attributes. International Journal of Tourism Research, 25(5), 491-505. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2584
Lin, M. (2024). Understanding the influencing factors of tourists' revisit intention in traditional villages. Heliyon, 10(15), Article e35029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35029
Luvsandavaajav, O., Narantuya, G., Dalaibaatar, E., & Raffay, Z. (2022). A longitudinal study of destination image, tourist satisfaction, and revisit intention. Journal of Tourism and Services, 13(24), 128-149. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v13i24.341
Manyangara, M. E., Makanyeza, C., & Muranda, Z. (2023). The effect of service quality on revisit intention: The mediating role of destination image. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), Article 2250264. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2250264
Nguyen, M. N., Hoang, V. H., Nguyen, P. B., & Le, Q. N. H. (2025). The relationship between electronic word of mouth, destination images, travel intention and information on Covid: Case of Da Nang. Acta Psychologica, 261, Article 105878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105878
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Seyfi, S., Hall, C. M., & Hatamifar, P. (2021). Understanding memorable tourism experiences and behavioural intentions of heritage tourists. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21, Article 100621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100621
Seow, A. N., Foroughi, B., & Choong, Y. O. (2024). Tourists' satisfaction, experience, and revisit intention for wellness tourism: E word-of-mouth as the mediator. SAGE Open, 14(3), 21582440241274049. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241274049
Shang, Y., Mehmood, K., Iftikhar, Y., Aziz, A., Tao, X., & Shi, L. (2021). Energizing intention to visit rural destinations: How social media disposition and social media use boost tourism through information publicity. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 782461. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.782461
Tabaeeian, R. A., Yazdi, A., Mokhtari, N., & Khoshfetrat, A. (2023). Host-tourist interaction, revisit intention and memorable tourism experience through relationship quality and perceived service quality in ecotourism. Journal of Ecotourism, 22(3), 406-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2022.2046759
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal for the Advancement of Sustainable Development Goals
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License Statement
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
All articles published in the Journal for the Advancement of Sustainable Development Goals (JASDG) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Under this license, users are free to:
-
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
-
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use;
provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.
Authors retain copyright of their work while granting JASDG the right of first publication. The published work remains freely available to readers and may be used, distributed, reproduced, and adapted by others in accordance with the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.
For more information about this license, please visit:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Copyright Notice
Copyright © 2026 The Author(s).
Articles published in the Journal for the Advancement of Sustainable Development Goals (JASDG) are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction, and adaptation in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are properly credited.
